Evaluación de la eficiencia en el uso del espacio y consumo hídrico de un sistema de agricultura vertical hidropónica (tipo NFT) simplificado para cultivos de hoja verde en zonas urbanas.

Abstract

Conventional agriculture faces critical challenges due to accelerated demographic growth and urbanization, with an estimated 70 % of the world's population living in cities by 2050. This research evaluates the efficiency of a simplified vertical hydroponic farming system (NFT type) for green leafy crops in urban areas of Guayaquil. The primary objective is to compare biomass yield and water consumption against traditional soil-based cultivation. The methodology employs a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 20 plants per treatment within a shade house at UCSG. The study aims to validate a 90 % reduction in water use and a 400 % increase in planting density through the implementation of vertical PVC structures. Expected results are analyzed under technical, economic, and environmental parameters, aligning with SDGs 2, 6, and 11 of the 2030 Agenda. It is concluded that this simplified technology represents a viable alternative to strengthen urban food security and optimize scarce resources.