Tipos de lesiones no cariosas cervicales en adultos atendidos en la Clínica Odontológica de la UCSG.

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To determine the most frequent types of non-carious cervical lesions (NCCLs) and their association with risk factors in adult patients treated at the Dental Clinic of the Catholic University of Santiago de Guayaquil during the B-2025 academic period. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A quantitative, cross-sectional, observational-analytical study was conducted with a sample of 141 adult patients. The presence of NCCLs was assessed through clinical review of medical records and a clinical data collection form. Variables such as lesion type, tooth location, age, sex, type and frequency of brushing, bristle type, consumption of acidic beverages, and signs of bruxism were analyzed. The data were processed in Excel and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, employing the Chi-square test or Fisher's Exact test, with a significance level of p < 0.05. RESULTS: The prevalence of NCCLs was 23%. The most frequent lesions were abfraction and attrition (7.1% each). Canines and premolars were the most affected teeth. A significant association was found between the presence of non-congenital malocclusions (NCLCs) and the use of hard-bristled toothbrushes (p < 0.001), consumption of carbonated beverages (p < 0.001), signs and symptoms of bruxism (p = 0.021; p = 0.003), age over 45 years (p < 0.001), and female sex (p = 0.027). CONCLUSION: NCLCs were infrequent in the studied population; however, they were significantly associated with mechanical, dietary, and parafunctional factors, highlighting the importance of a comprehensive preventive approach.