Comparación de parámetros hematológicos entre pacientes sanos y con periodontitis atendidos en la UCSG.

Abstract

Objective: To determine the differences in hematological parameters between patients with periodontitis and individuals with periodontal health treated at the Dental Clinic of the Catholic University of Santiago de Guayaquil during the period B–2025. Materials and methods: A quantitative, cross-sectional, observational-descriptive study was conducted. Forty-five adult patients with a current complete blood count and a periodontal diagnosis recorded in their medical record were included. Patients with systemic diseases or conditions that could alter hematological values were excluded. Hemoglobin, hematocrit, total leukocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and platelets were analyzed. Data were processed using Jamovi, applying descriptive statistics and non-parametric tests (Kruskal-Wallis), considering statistical significance at p < 0.05. Results: 64.4% of the patients presented with periodontitis. Statistically significant differences were observed in hemoglobin (p = 0.040) and hematocrit (p = 0.008), both values being lower in the periodontitis group compared to healthy patients. Total leukocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and platelets did not show significant differences (p > 0.05). Stage analysis did not reveal a clear progressive pattern as periodontal severity increased. Conclusion: Patients with periodontitis presented lower hemoglobin and hematocrit values compared to individuals with periodontal health, suggesting a possible influence of the chronic inflammatory process on erythrocyte parameters. However, no significant alterations were observed in white blood cell parameters, nor was a progressive pattern observed according to disease severity.