Control constitucional de leyes ómnibus y límites al trámite de urgencia económica.

Abstract

The research paper entitled "Constitutional Control of Omnibus Laws and Limits to the Economic Emergency Procedure" analyzes the increasing use of legislative projects submitted by the Executive Branch under Article 140 of the Constitution of the Republic of Ecuador. In the last five years, seven economic emergency initiatives have been presented, four of which took the form of omnibus laws, characterized by their thematic dispersion and lack of normative coherence. This phenomenon has generated concern in legal scholarship and jurisprudence, as it affects legal certainty and weakens democratic deliberation. This study examines how the Constitutional Court, through rulings such as No. 2-19-UE/21 and No. 52-25-IN/25, has reaffirmed that economic urgency cannot become an ordinary legislative mechanism and that the principle of unity of subject matter constitutes a material limit on the legislature. It also proposes to define the expedited legislative process in legal terms, strengthen constitutional review, and guarantee citizen participation as essential mechanisms for preserving transparency and proportionality in legislation. In conclusion, the research demonstrates that the abuse of omnibus laws under economic urgency distorts the purpose of the procedure and requires reforms that ensure constitutional supremacy and the coherence of the legal system.