Identificación y diagnóstico de los factores de riesgo ocupacional en el personal de bodega de una Compañía de Comercio Mayorista.

Abstract

The present study aimed to identify, assess, and prioritize occupational hazards in the warehouse area of a wholesale company dedicated to the sale and distribution of technological products, through the application of the Colombian Technical Guide GTC 45. From the perspective of occupational health and safety, the analysis focused on the main operations carried out in this area, including the receipt of goods, internal handling and transportation, storage, inventory management, picking and shipping of orders, as well as maintenance activities such as cleaning and organizing the workplace. For this study, a descriptive-diagnostic analysis was used, which means that it is based on the direct observation of activities, the identification of hazards, and the estimation of risk levels, as well as their potential impact on the health and safety of warehouse employees. The results obtained show a predominant index of biomechanical risk, which is mainly associated with manual handling of loads, adoption of forced postures, and repetitive movements. Similarly, mechanical and locative risks were found; these are related to the handling of internal merchandise or the physical conditions of the work environment. To a lesser extent, chemical risks were identified, related to the use of cleaning products. Based on the findings, it is concluded that the GTC 45 risk matrix is an effective tool for obtaining a structured overview of the risks present in the warehouse area, serving as a basis for the formulation of intervention measures aimed at continuous improvement. The present study makes a contribution to the observation of technical and administrative needs and the use of personal protection activities related to occupational safety and health.