Relación entre la composición corporal y el rendimiento relativo en powerlifting amateur.

Abstract

Introduction: Powerlifting is a maximal strength sport in which performance depends not only on the amount of weight lifted but also on the relationship between force production and body weight, known as relative performance. Body composition, particularly lean mass and body fat percentage, can directly influence this efficiency, making it a key factor in amateur athletes. Objective: To determine the relationship between body composition and relative performance in amateur powerlifting athletes. Methodology: Quantitative, observational, cross-sectional, and correlational study was conducted. Body composition was assessed using bioelectrical impedance, obtaining measurements of body fat percentage, lean mass, and body weight. Performance was evaluated through one-repetition maximum (1RM) tests in the squat, bench press, and deadlift. Relative strength was calculated as the ratio between total weight lifted and body weight. Descriptive statistics and correlation analysis were applied. Results: A positive relationship was observed between lean mass and relative performance, while body fat percentage showed an inverse trend. Additionally, relative performance allowed for the identification of differences in performance efficiency among athletes with similar levels of absolute strength. Conclusions: Body composition significantly influences relative performance in amateur powerlifting. Greater lean mass and lower body fat percentage are associated with improved performance, highlighting the importance of nutritional management to optimize athlete efficiency.