Anemia en el embarazo y su relación con desenlaces perinatales adversos en el Hospital General Monte Sinaí durante el periodo 2023 - 2024.

Abstract

Introduction: Anemia during pregnancy is considered a frequent problem associated with maternal and perinatal complications that may affect the final outcome of pregnancy; therefore, timely detection and treatment are necessary. Objective: To determine the relationship between anemia during pregnancy and adverse perinatal outcomes at Hospital General Monte Sinaí during the 2023–2024 period. Methodology: This was a quantitative study with a descriptive, retrospective, cross-sectional, and correlational type and design, because it sought to assess the association between two categorical variables. Results: Moderate anemia predominated (59%). Most pregnant women were between 20 and 34 years old (62.7%) and were in the third trimester of pregnancy (61.2%). Among maternal complications, postpartum hemorrhage stood out (45.8%). The main adverse perinatal outcomes were premature rupture of membranes (70.7%) and low birth weight (57.1%). A statistically significant association was found between anemia severity and preterm birth, spontaneous abortion, and low birth weight (p<0.0001). Conclusions: Anemia during pregnancy was related to adverse perinatal outcomes, especially when lower levels of anemia were present.