Factores asociados al sangrado uterino anormal en mujeres en edad fértil atendidas en el Hospital León Becerra durante el periodo del 2023 al 2025.

Abstract

Introduction: Abnormal uterine bleeding is one of the main reasons for gynecological consultation in women of reproductive age, associated with alterations in menstrual patterns, anemia, and an impact on quality of life. Its origin is multifactorial, involving both structural and non-structural causes, which complicates timely clinical management. Objective: To determine the risk factors associated with abnormal uterine bleeding in women of reproductive age treated at Hospital León Becerra during the period 2023–2025. Methods: Observational, analytical, retrospective, and cross-sectional study. A total of 257 patients diagnosed with abnormal uterine bleeding were included. Data were obtained from medical records and analyzed using SPSS v26. Descriptive statistics and inferential analysis using the chi-square test were applied, considering p<0.05 as statistically significant. Results: The 26–35 age group predominated (43.6%). Menarche between 12 and 14 years occurred in 56.8%. Parity of 1–2 births was the most frequent (46.3%). Irregular menstrual cycles were observed in 59.9% of cases. Structural etiology, mainly leiomyoma, accounted for 28.8%. Anemia was the most common complication (49.8%). A significant association was found between complications and structural etiology (p=0.000), irregular cycle (p=0.005), comorbidities (p=0.013), parity ≥1 (p=0.000), and age ≥26 years (p=0.001). Conclusion: Abnormal uterine bleeding is associated with gynecological, clinical, and structural factors, with a higher risk of complications in women with irregular cycles, comorbidities, and older reproductive age.