Perfil de resistencia antibiótica en bacterias aisladas en infecciones de pie diabético en pacientes hospitalizados en el área de Medicina Interna del IESS Milagro, período 2024-2025.

Abstract

Introduction: Diabetic foot infections are a common complication of diabetes mellitus, associated with high morbidity and mortality and increasing antimicrobial resistance, which complicates empirical treatment. Objective: To determine the antibiotic resistance profile of bacteria isolated from diabetic foot infections in hospitalized patients at IESS Milagro Hospital during 2024–2025. Methods: This study had an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, and retrospective design including 120 patients. Data were obtained from medical records and antibiograms interpreted according to CLSI criteria. Descriptive and Inferential sstatistics were used, with a significance level of p < 0.05. Results: Gram-negative bacteria predominated (53.3%), with Klebsiella pneumoniae being the most frequent (20.8%). The highest resistance was observed to ceftriaxone (58.3%), followed by penicillin (47.5%), ciprofloxacin (46.7%), and imipenem (45.8%). Significant differences were found in resistance to penicillin (p = 0.040), higher in Gram-negative bacteria (56.2%), and to ciprofloxacin (p = 0.012), higher in Gram-positive bacteria (58.9%). Multidrug resistance was identified in 47.5% of isolates. Conclusion: A high frequency of antimicrobial resistance was observed, particularly to ceftriaxone, limiting its empirical use. Differences according to bacterial type and the high rate of multidrug resistance highlight the need to adjust antibiotic therapy based on culture results and local resistance patterns to improve clinical outcomes.