Factores de riesgo de ictus en menores de 50 años en el Hospital General Dr. Liborio Panchana Sotomayor en los años 2022–2025.

Abstract

Introduction: Stroke is a disabling and fatal condition predominant in the world. It is caused by the abrupt interruption of cerebral blood flow and manifests as a neurological deficit. General objective: Determine the risk factors associated with stroke in patients under 50 years of age at the Dr. Liborio Panchana Sotomayor General Hospital during the years 2022 to 2025. Methodology: It had a descriptive, retrospective, and cross-sectional design. Results: Of the 53 patients with stroke, 77.4% were male and 22.6% were female. 60.4% were between 18 and 30 years old and the average age was 30.57 ± 1.33 years. The type of hemorrhagic stroke was 67.4% traumatic and embolism was observed in ischemic strokes in 57.14% of the sample. It was observed that in ischemic stroke 71.4% were hypertensive, 57.1% had diabetes mellitus, 71.4% were overweight or obese, and 100% were sedentary. For hemorrhagic stroke, overweight or obesity (56.5%), alcoholism (45.7%) and sedentary lifestyle (100%) were common. A mortality of 3.8% of the sample was reported. Conclusion: The male sex predominated in the study, with an age between 18 and 30 years. Traumatic hemorrhagic stroke was common, with overweight or obesity, alcoholism and a sedentary lifestyle being considered risk factors. For ischemic stroke, embolism was the main cause and high blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, overweight or obesity, and sedentary lifestyle predominated as risk factors. Additionally, the study demonstrated low mortality.