Caracterización de pacientes con traumatismo craneoencefálico leve y moderado atendidos en el Hospital General Guasmo Sur durante el año 2025.

Abstract

Introduction: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the main causes of consultation in emergency services and represents a relevant public health problem, due to its high frequency and impact on neurological function. General objective: To Determine the characteristics of patients with mild and moderate traumatic brain injury treated at the Hospital General Guasmo Sur during the year 2025. Methodology: Descriptive-level study , retrospective and cross-sectional with bivariate analysis. Results: A total of 57 patients were included, 75.4% men and 24.6% women, 59.6% were mild and 40.4% moderate. 43.9% correspond to the age group of 31 to 60 years. 19.3% of cases occurred in April. 36.8% reported loss of consciousness and it was related to the type of TBI (p=0.048), 61.4% presented some complication and 73.7% were discharged from hospital. The trauma mechanisms were traffic accident (63.2%), falls (33.3%) and assault (3.5%). The CT showed fracture (26.3%), normal findings (24.6%) and hemorrhage (21.1%). 78.9% had a hospital stay of one week. 8.8% of patients died, 7% of moderate cases and 1.8% of mild cases. Conclusion: The mean age of patients with mild and moderate TBI was 35.49 years, males predominated, mild TBI, and loss of consciousness was statistically associated with the type of TBI. The main cause was the collision on a motorcycle without a helmet. The most common injury was skull fractures. The average hospitalization was 5,89 days and mortality was low, mainly affecting moderate TBI.