Riesgo de hipertensión arterial en gestantes que acuden a un Hospital de la ciudad de Guayaquil.

Abstract

Hypertensive disorders during pregnancy are among the leading causes of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Early identification and timely management are essential to prevent serious complications. Objective: To assess the risk of arterial hypertension in pregnant women attending a hospital in the city of Guayaquil. Methodology: A quantitative, descriptive, and cross-sectional study was conducted, including a sample of 100 pregnant women. Results Regarding sociodemographic characteristics, the most represented age group was 18 to 25 years (36%). A total of 41% were in a free union, 44% had secondary education, and 56% were homemakers. In terms of clinical factors, 36% reported a balanced diet, 40% were overweight, and 24% had diabetes mellitus. Concerning the Blue Code assessment, the most frequent symptom was arterial hypertension (39%), followed by generalized edema (22%) and persistent headache (18%). Other findings included altered level of consciousness (9%), blurred vision (8%), and epigastric pain (4%). Regarding pharmacological treatment, magnesium sulfate was the most commonly used (40%), followed by nifedipine (37%), labetalol (21%), and hydralazine (2%). Conclusion: The risk of arterial hypertension in pregnant women is influenced by multiple factors that require timely assessment to achieve an accurate diagnosis and provide appropriate treatment, thereby reducing maternal morbidity.