Prevalencia de preeclampsia en adolescentes atendidas en un hospital de la ciudad de Guayaquil.

Abstract

Preeclampsia is a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy that appears after the 20th week of gestation and is one of the main causes of maternal and perinatal morbidity, especially in adolescents. Objective: To determine the prevalence of preeclampsia in pregnant adolescents. Methodology: Quantitative, descriptive, retrospective, and cross-sectional cohort study. Population: 253 pregnant adolescents. Technique: Indirect observation. Instrument: Indirect observation matrix. Results: Sociodemographic characteristics: Age: 54% 18-19 years; 42% 15-17; 4% under 15 years. Education level: 55% secondary; 37% basic education; 8% no education. Occupation: 37% students; 32% homemakers; 31% employed. Income: 43% $200-$250; 30% $300-$500; 27% greater than $350. Gestational age: 36% premature; 32% term; 32% post-term. Parity: 35% primiparous; 33% multiparous; 32% nulliparous. Type of delivery: 52% surgical; 48% vaginal delivery. Interpregnancy interval: 38% 1b to 2 years; 32% more than 2 years; 30% less than 1 year. Previous abortions: 52% no; 48% yes. Ectopic pregnancy: 53% no; 47% yes. Premature delivery: 54% no; 46% yes. Comorbidities: anemia 26%; hypertension 23%; infections 17%; obesity 16%; chronic kidney disease 8%; type 2 diabetes mellitus 6%; maternal abstinence syndrome 4%. Types: mild preeclampsia, 47%; moderate, 28%; severe, 28%. Complications: 32%, preterm birth; 26%, fetal growth restriction; 17%, eclampsia; 14%, HELLP syndrome; 11%, placental abruption. Conclusion: the prevalence was 7.69% between 2023 and 2025.