Incidencia de tuberculosis en los pacientes atendidos en el subcentro de salud “La Florida” durante los años 2021-2025.

Abstract

Tuberculosis continues to represent a major challenge for global public health, with developing nations still carrying a disproportionate share of the disease burden. Beyond biological factors, social determinants such as poverty, overcrowded living conditions, and restricted access to healthcare services play an important role in its ongoing transmission and persistence. Objective: To assess the incidence and clinical-epidemiological characteristics of tuberculosis among patients attended at the “La Florida” Health Subcenter from 2021 to 2025. Methodology: A quantitative, non-experimental, descriptive, and retrospective design was used. The study population consisted of 225 patients diagnosed with tuberculosis, using a census sample. Clinical and epidemiological adjustments were applied according to the study variables. Results: The overall prevalence was 0.82%, and the cumulative incidence was 0.818%, with cases increasing over time and peaking in 2025. Most cases were pulmonary tuberculosis (93%), compared to extrapulmonary cases (7%). Men accounted for 67% of the population, with the majority being young adults. Treatment discontinuation was higher during the continuation phase of the disease (70%). Conclusion: There was an upward trend in tuberculosis cases in the population, along with challenges in social and treatment adherence. Strengthening control and follow-up strategies at the primary and secondary care levels is needed to provide patient- and family-centered care at home, in order to minimize the impact of the disease.