Incidencia de la anemia ferropénica en gestantes que acuden al centro de salud N4 en el año 2025.

Abstract

Iron deficiency anemia is one of the most frequent complications during pregnancy, representing a significant public health problem due to its effects on both the mother and the fetus. Objective: To determine the incidence of iron deficiency anemia in pregnant women attending Health Center No. 4 in the city of Guayaquil in 2025. Methodology: A quantitative, descriptive, non-experimental, cross-sectional, and prospective study was conducted. An indirect observation matrix based on data obtained from an Excel spreadsheet was used as the data collection instrument. Results: The population of pregnant women consisted of 450, with a sample of 209 women with iron deficiency anemia. An incidence of 46.4% of anemia in pregnant women was demonstrated. The group with the highest incidence was young adolescents aged 18 to 35 (67.9%), with a secondary education level of 49.2%, 50.7% in common-law relationships, and 54.5% urban residents. The most frequent symptoms were headache, dizziness, and fatigue, while the clinical signs were tachycardia, dyspnea, and pallor. Only 39.2% presented maternal complications, such as infections and preeclampsia, and 35.4% had fetal complications, with low birth weight being the most frequent. Conclusion: Iron deficiency anemia has a high incidence, determined by sociodemographic factors and causing maternal-fetal complications, highlighting the importance of prenatal care, iron supplementation, and nutritional education to improve the lives of pregnant women in Ecuador.