Estandarización en la atención de enfermería en pacientes con pie diabético atendidos en un Hospital de Guayaquil.

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus and its complications, such as diabetic foot, represent a major public health problem, especially in older adult patients, due to the risk of ulcers, infections, and amputations that compromise patients' quality of life. Objective: To standardize nursing care in patients with diabetic foot in a hospital in Guayaquil. Methodology: A quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted at the Hospital General IESS Los Ceibos, located in the city of Guayaquil, using the indirect observation technique. The sample consisted of 150 medical records of patients diagnosed with diabetic foot. The instrument used was a data collection matrix based on clinical aspects and the NANDA, NIC, and NOC taxonomies. Results: Among the most relevant findings, a balanced distribution by sex was observed, with a slight male predominance (51%), and a higher incidence in older adults aged 60 to 79 years (62.45%). Regarding residence, the urban population predominated (72.65%), reflecting greater access to health services. Open ulcers or lesions (38.78%) and local infections (26.12%) were the most frequent, indicating advanced stages of the disease. The main nursing diagnoses were impaired skin integrity (64.29%) and impaired tissue integrity (58.37%). Common interventions included medication administration (72.24%), wound care (68.57%), and hyperglycemia management (66.12%). Regarding nursing outcomes, improvement was observed in glycemic control (62.45%), tissue integrity (60.82%), and wound healing by secondary intention (57.14%).Conclusion: The standardization of nursing care allows optimization of care quality, strengthens evidence-based practice, and improves clinical outcomes, contributing to the prevention of complications and the improvement of quality of life in patients with diabetic foot.