Caracterización clínica de la amenaza de aborto en gestantes atendidas en la maternidad Matilde Hidalgo de Procel, periodo 2024-2025.

Abstract

Threatened abortion is a clinical condition of paramount importance, particularly significant for all women of reproductive age. In these women, the experiences related to adapting to this new condition can contribute to a more severe clinical situation than in multiparous women, influencing both the course of the illness and its future evolution. Objective: To clinically characterize pregnant women with threatened abortion treated at the Matilde Hidalgo de Procel Maternity Hospital during the period 2024-2025. Design: Descriptive, quantitative, retrospective. Population: 132 women. Technique: Indirect observation. Instrument: Indirect observation guide. Results: According to the participants' age, 42.4% were between 26 and 33 years old, 50.8% were overweight (25–29.9 kg/m²), and 40.2% were 8–12 weeks pregnant. Clinical characteristics: 98.5% extreme fatigue, 97.7% vaginal bleeding, 96.2% changes in β-hCG levels, and 66.7% lower back pain. Medical history: 60.6% anemia and 43.2% overweight/obesity. Complications: pelvic infection (19.7%) and preterm delivery (12.9%). Conclusions: Several clinical characteristics influence the negative outcome of threatened miscarriage, such as a history of anemia or abnormal BMI, and being between 26 and 33 years old, which is considered reproductive age. The most common symptom was vaginal bleeding, and the most common sign was extreme fatigue. Therefore, more comprehensive intervention is required in populations that maintain this profile to prevent future complications.