Factores asociados a complicaciones por ingesta de cáustico en niños : estudio observacional retrospectivo.

Abstract

Objective To identify factors associated with complications in pediatric patients with caustic ingestion. Methods A secondary review of medical records was conducted in patients under 17 years of aged diagnosed with caustic substance ingestion, coded according to the international classification of diseases (ICD-10) T542 and T543, during the 2012-2022 period. Bivariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression model were applied to identify factors associated with complications. Results A total of 94 patients were included, with a median age of 28 months (IQR: 19–48) and predominantly male. The proportion of complications was 10%, with esophageal stricture being the most frequent. In the multivariate analysis, Zargar classification was not independently associated with complications. In contrast, age (OR 1,03; 95% CI: 1,01–1,05; p= 0,003) and white blood cell count (OR 1,40; 95% CI: 1,17–1,72; p< 0,001) were independently associated with complications. Conclusion Age and white blood cell count were statically significant and independently associated with complications in pediatric population with caustic ingestion. Endoscopic severity did not behave as an independent predictor, suggesting that a comprehensive evaluation may improve risk stratification.