La política migratoria ecuatoriana hacia la población venezolana desde el 2018 y la ciudadanía universal.

Abstract

This research paper analyzes how, starting in 2018, Ecuadorian migration policy shifted to a restrictive stance in response to the massive influx of Venezuelan citizens, prioritizing national security over a human rights-based approach. The compatibility of the regulatory requirements imposed on the Venezuelan population (2018-2025) with the constitutional principles of universal citizenship and state sovereignty is assessed to determine whether their scope is consistent with international standards that the State must uphold, considering its duties of respect, guarantee, and non-discrimination. Using a qualitative methodology, executive decrees and ministerial agreements on migration regularization were contrasted with the 2008 Constitution and the Constitutional Court's recent rulings. The results evidence a critical tension in which the sovereign power of migration control has led to regressive, potentially discriminatory measures, such as the imposition of visas and exclusionary regularization processes, that contravene the right to freedom of movement and the principle of universal citizenship. It is concluded that the enforced policies drain the principle of universal citizenship of its substance, transforming the exception into the rule and fostering irregular migration, which requires a regulatory reconfiguration aligned with the constitutional block.