Perfil saludable en adultos físicamente activos según patrones de entrenamiento y condición fisiológica.

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Training patterns in physically active adults influence body composition and physiological responses; however, uncertainty remains regarding which combinations of these variables define a physiologically healthy profile under free-practice conditions, where exercise intensity and stimulus control are not standardized. METHOD: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 973 participants. Sociodemographic data, training variables, and physiological indicators were obtained through smartwatches. BMI and body fat percentage were measured using standardized anthropometry and bioelectrical impedance. Kruskal–Wallis tests and Spearman correlations were applied. A binary logistic regression model was adjusted for age, gender, and training variables (p < 0.05). RESULTS: No significant differences were found in BMI (p = 0.298), body fat percentage (p = 0.135), or heart rate parameters across yoga, strength training, HIIT, and cardio. Session duration (OR = 3.91; p < 0.001), weekly training frequency (OR = 1.35; p = 0.003), daily water intake (OR = 1.42; p = 0.043), and female sex (OR = 4.84; p < 0.001) significantly increased the likelihood of a healthy profile. Exercise modality showed no independent effects. CONCLUSIONS: Weekly training volume, hydration, and female sex were associated with a physiologically healthy profile, whereas exercise modality was not a determining factor.