Caracterización clínica, microbiológica y factores asociados a vulvovaginitis en mujeres de 20 a 30 años atendidas en el Hospital de Especialidades Teodoro Maldonado Carbo durante el período 2024-2025.

Abstract

Introduction: Vulvovaginitis is one of the most frequent gynecological complaints among women of reproductive age and includes infectious entities such as bacterial vaginosis, vulvovaginal candidiasis and trichomoniasis. Objective: To characterize the clinical and microbiological profile and the associated factors of vulvovaginitis in women aged 20 to 30 years attended at Teodoro Maldonado Carbo Specialty Hospital between January 2024 and December 2025. Materials and methods: Observational, cross-sectional, analytical and retrospective record-based study. From 545 visits corresponding to 371 unique patients, census sampling and exclusion of pregnant women and incomplete records yielded a cohort of 107 patients. Analysis was performed in Microsoft Excel using Yates-corrected chi-square and Fisher exact test when expected frequency was below 5. Results: The most frequent code was N76.0 (43.9%), followed by B37.3 (30.8%) and A59.0 (3.7%). Mean age was 24.8 years and Obstetric Emergencies accounted for 41.1% of visits. In the subgroup with microbiological study (n=54), 51.9% had a Nugent score diagnostic of bacterial vaginosis and C. albicans predominated among Candida cultures (71.4%). Recent antibiotic use (OR=2.90; p=0.032) and hormonal contraceptives (OR=3.29; p=0.011) were associated with candidiasis. During the biennium 24.3% of patients reconsulted. Conclusions: The documented profile is consistent with Ecuadorian and regional evidence and supports the need to standardize etiological diagnosis, monitor antimicrobial resistance and strengthen prevention targeting modifiable factors in young women.