Adhesión al tratamiento con antidiabéticos orales en pacientes con diabetes mellitus II en un hospital de Guayaquil.

Abstract

Type II Diabetes Mellitus constitutes a chronic disease that requires continuous adherence to pharmacological treatment to promote glycemic control and prevent complications. The objective was to determine adherence to oral antidiabetic medications in patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus attending the outpatient clinic of the General Hospital of Northern Guayaquil Los Ceibos – IESS Ceibos. Methodology: quantitative, descriptive, non-experimental, and cross-sectional study. The population consisted of approximately 500 patients and the sample included 218 participants, selected through simple random sampling. Data collection was carried out using a matrix based on the Oral Antidiabetic Treatment Adherence Measure (MAT-ADOs) questionnaire and assessment through NANDA-I diagnostic labels. The data were processed using descriptive statistics. Results: Female patients aged 30 to 59 predominated, married, with basic education and ongoing metabolic pathologies. Difficulties related to adherence to schedules, forgetting doses, interrupting treatment, and modifying medication on their own initiative were identified. In the diagnostic assessment, the label "Willingness to improve health self-management" predominated, followed by diagnoses related to the risk of ineffective self-management. Conclusions: Non-adherence to treatment with oral antidiabetics predominated according to the global MAT-ADOs score, highlighting the need to strengthen nursing interventions focused on education, self-care, and therapeutic continuity.