Frecuencia de complicaciones intradiálisis en pacientes asistidos en el Hospital IESS Los Ceibos, año 2024-2025.

Abstract

Hemodialysis is a treatment that partially replaces some kidney functions; however, clinical and technical complications can occur during dialysis sessions, affecting patient stability and the continuity of the procedure. Objective: To determine the frequency of intradialytic complications in patients treated at the IESS Los Ceibos Hospital during the period 2024-2025. Methodological design: A quantitative, descriptive, retrospective, cross-sectional study. Population: 1,020 patients who received treatment in the hemodialysis unit. Technique: Indirect observation. Instrument: Indirect observation matrix. Results: A higher frequency of patients aged over 64 years (Fr=531; 52.06%) and males (Fr=612; 60.00%) were identified. Regarding clinical alterations, 1,449 events were recorded, the most frequent being hypotension (410; 28.30%), muscle cramps (315; 21.74%), headache (226; 15.60%), and nausea or vomiting (225; 15.53%). As for technical problems, 121 cases occurred, the most frequent being dialyzer clotting (56; 46.28%), followed by extravasation or hematoma formation (40; 33.06%) and monitor failures (25; 20.66%). Conclusion: During the sessions, the main alterations observed were related to blood pressure and the body's response to fluid removal, while among the technical events, dialyzer clotting was the most common. These results highlight the need for continuous monitoring, equipment checks, and prompt recognition of any changes that could affect patient stability and treatment safety.