Prevalencia del riesgo cardiovascular en adultos de 40 a 60 años atendidos en la consulta externa de Medicina Interna del Hospital de Especialidades Teodoro Maldonado Carbo, durante el periodo 2023-2025.

Abstract

Context: Cardiovascular risk in adults aged 40 to 60 years is related to clinical, metabolic, and behavioral factors that can increase the likelihood of myocardial infarction or stroke. Identifying these factors allows for targeted preventive measures and reduces complications. Objective: To determine the prevalence of cardiovascular risk in adults aged 40 to 60 years seen in the Internal Medicine outpatient clinic of the Teodoro Maldonado Carbo Specialty Hospital during the period 2023-2025. Methodological design: Quantitative, descriptive, retrospective, and cross-sectional study. Population: 12,358 patients seen during the analyzed period. Technique: Indirect observation. Instrument: Indirect observation matrix. Results: In 2023, 188 cases were recorded among 4,621 patients, with a prevalence of 4.07%; In 2024, 139 cases were identified among 3,363 patients, representing 4.13%; and in 2025, 195 cases were reported among 4,374 patients, reaching 4.46%. Thirty-four percent were between 56 and 60 years old, 55% were female, 81% resided in urban areas, and 44% were employed. Furthermore, 76% presented with elevated systolic blood pressure, 37% were overweight, and 38% had a history of tobacco use for five to ten years. High risk predominated in patients aged 56 to 60 (69%), while moderate risk predominated in the general population (46%). Conclusion: The overall prevalence of cardiovascular risk was 4.22%, corresponding to 522 cases among the 12,358 adults aged 40 to 60 years seen in the Internal Medicine outpatient clinic during the period 2023-2025.