Prevalencia de miocarditis aguda en pacientes de 20 a 60 años que acuden al área de cardiología de un hospital de la ciudad de Guayaquil.

Abstract

Myocarditis is an inflammatory disease of the heart muscle diagnosed using histological, immunological, and immunohistochemical criteria. Objective: To determine the prevalence of acute myocarditis in patients aged 20 to 60 years treated at the cardiology department of a hospital in Guayaquil. Methodology: A descriptive, quantitative study with a retrospective, cross-sectional design was conducted. Population/Sample: 110 patients diagnosed with acute myocarditis. Technique: Indirect observation. Instrument: Observation matrix. Results: Regarding sociodemographic characteristics, 57.3% were men and 42.7% were women; the most frequent age groups were 51–60 years (42.7%) and 41–50 years (21.8%). Regarding clinical manifestations, fatigue was the most common (36.4%), followed by dyspnea (31.8%) and chest pain (24.5%). Among the causes of myocarditis, COVID-19 accounted for 15.5% of infectious cases, while medications accounted for 16.4% of non-infectious cases. Regarding diagnostic methods, an electrocardiogram was used for 80.9% of the patients. Conclusion: An acute myocarditis prevalence of 2% was determined for the period between January and December 2025.