Relación entre la severidad de la periodontitis y la movilidad dental en pacientes adultos.

Abstract

Periodontitis is a multifactorial, chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the progressive destruction of tooth-supporting tissues, which can compromise the stability of dental crowns. Objective: To determine the relationship between the stage of periodontitis and the degree of tooth mobility in adult patients. Methodology: The study employed a quantitative, observational approach with a non-experimental, cross-sectional. The sample consisted of 107 adult patients attending the Periodontics and Comprehensive Dentistry I, II, and III clinics at the School of Dentistry of the Catholic University of Santiago de Guayaquil. Data regarding the stage of periodontitis and bacterial plaque control were obtained from clinical records, while tooth mobility was assessed via clinical examination using the Miller classification. Results: Women in the 26–35 age group predominated. Stage I was the most frequent according to the 2017 AAP/EFP classification, followed by Stage II. Regarding tooth mobility, Grade 0 was most common, followed by Grade I; incisors were the most affected tooth group. Bacterial plaque control scores were most frequently found in the intermediate range. Pearson's chi-square test revealed a significant association between the stage of periodontitis and the degree of tooth mobility. Conclusion: A strong association was found between periodontal severity and tooth mobility in the patients evaluated.