Interrelación entre las condiciones ergonómicas, la salud mental y el bienestar laboral en el trabajo remoto e híbrido: revisión sistemática de la literatura, 2021-2026.

Abstract

This systematic review determined the relationship between ergonomic conditions and the mental health and occupational well-being of professionals working under remote or hybrid arrangements, analyzing scientific literature published between 2021 and 2026. The document search, screening, and selection process followed PRISMA Statement guidelines, with queries conducted across four indexed databases: PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect y SciELO. Following the application of rigorous selection criteria and an assessing of methodological quality, the final sample consisted of 30 studies. The results revealed an asymmetrical relationship between ergonomic conditions and the workforce. Within the realm of cognitive ergonomics, clinical symptoms such as burnout syndrome, anxiety, and chronic stress were closely linked to persistent technostress, social isolation, and the loss of teleworking options. Physical ergonomics in the home setting had an indirect impact, as it was tied to the subjective perception of general well-being. In contrast, organizational ergonomics manifested through quality leadership, assertive communication, active listening, and organizational support proved to be the factor with the greatest potential to protect against mental exhaustion. Finally, the relationship between ergonomic conditions and workforce was not uniform. Although improving physical infrastructure at home increased daily satisfaction, this alone was insufficient to prevent the onset of clinical symptoms; it required the accompaniment of a sense of belonging, psychological safety, and a corporate culture centered on worker well-being.