Revisión bibliográfica sobre el acoso laboral como riesgo psicosocial: enfoques teóricos y normativos vigentes en América Latina.

Abstract

Currently, in Latin America, one of the psychosocial risks with the greatest impact in the organizational context is workplace harassment, as it is characterized as a silent phenomenon with consequences that affect several dimensions of the victim, including mental, physical, social, and occupational health. This analytical and comparative study was based on a bibliographic and regulatory review focused on current theoretical and legal frameworks addressing workplace harassment as a psychosocial risk in the organizational context in Latin America, specifically in Ecuador, Argentina, Chile, and Mexico, taking ILO Convention No. 190 (C190) as an international reference. The study followed a qualitative approach based on documentary analysis of academic sources, specialized books on workplace harassment, and national and international labor regulations, obtaining relevant information from platforms such as SciELO, Google Scholar, and government portals. The results showed that workplace harassment is a structurally embedded phenomenon closely associated with organizational factors, with leadership and the work environment playing a fundamental role. This phenomenon may lead to consequences ranging from physical disorders to work abandonment. The comparison among the selected Latin American countries showed that Chile has made the greatest legislative progress in the region, while Argentina illustrates a significant gap between commitment and implementation. Ecuador has made progress through ministerial agreements; however, the absence of a specific law that unifies these criteria results in regulatory dispersion.