Del acto al decir: La función de la palabra y el encauce del deseo en la clínica de las toxicomanías.

Abstract

This research proposed to study substance addiction from a psychoanalytic orientation in subjects undergoing rehabilitation in the city of Guayaquil. The importance of this study lies in providing a complementary and deep understanding of consumption, moving away from pure behavioral approaches and the imposition of rigid labels to position addiction as a defensive response against distress, structural lack, and the anxiety that overwhelms the subject. The main objective was to rigorously analyze the importance of speech and the channeling of desire in subjects with toxicomania undergoing rehabilitation in an addiction clinic in the city of Guayaquil. To carry out this work, a qualitative design with an interpretive and descriptive approach was chosen. The methodological journey articulated a specialized literature review with focus groups conducted with rehabilitation participants, prioritizing at all times the subjective experience and the living word of the actors over traditional quantitative measurements. Based on this, the results show that, by constructive interacting with habitual institutional resources, the incorporation of a clinical listening space and rigorous discourse analysis allows subjects to transition from the destructive inertia of the act to the symbolic elaboration of their own history. In this way, the research demonstrates that it is possible to promote a lower relapse rate, the overcoming of passive complaint, the solid reconstruction of affective bonds, and a sustainable, conscious, and fully responsible social reintegration.