Propuesta de abordaje nutricional y dietoterapéutico basado en evidencia en paciente adulta con hipertensión arterial primaria, obesidad grado I y dislipidemia mixta.

Abstract

This clinical case describes a 50-year-old woman diagnosed with grade 1 primary hypertension, class I obesity, and mixed dyslipidemia. Her nutritional status was assessed using the available anthropometric, biochemical, clinical, and dietary information. These data were used to identify the main nutrition-related problems and formulate the nutritional diagnosis according to the PES format (Problem, Etiology, and Signs/Symptoms).Following the nutritional assessment, a daily energy intake of 1,650 kcal was established. The dietary plan was designed to be low in sodium and higher in fiber, while incorporating foods that provide monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats. The DASH eating pattern was used to guide food selection and meal planning. The intervention is intended to support a gradual reduction in body weight and body fat while contributing to better blood pressure and lipid control. The patient’s use of candesartan at a dose of 8 mg/day was considered when planning the nutritional intervention. Because of its relationship with potassium management, potassium supplements and potassium-containing salt substitutes are not proposed without previous assessment of renal function and serum potassium levels. This consideration allows the pharmacological treatment to be integrated with the nutritional decisions proposed for this case.