Prevalencia de microorganismos colonizadores y su resistencia antibiótica en cultivos de punta de catéter en las áreas de cuidado crítico del Hospital Teodoro Maldonado Carbo durante el período comprendido entre enero de 2015 hasta diciembre 2016.

Abstract

Introduction: The colonization of microorganisms associated to central vascular catheters used in hospitalized patients in critical care areas can be produced by a large number of germs; but those that most frequently colonize these devices are the microorganisms of the skin flora. In our hospital the documentation of the germs that colonizes these devices is scarce, for that reason our study focuses on finding the prevalence of these in the areas of critical care. Objective: Determine the prevalence of colonizing microorganisms in catheter tip cultures in patients admitted to critical care areas of HTMC. Material and Method: This is a prevalence, retrospective, descriptive, analytical and observational study. The sample consists of 305 patients between the ages of 20 and 100 years who had a central vascular catheter and subsequent catheter tip culture during their hospitalization. Results: In the study, 305 catheter tip cultures were included, of which 169 corresponded to the emergency area, 95 to intensive care unit and 41 to neurological intensive care area. The mean age of the patients was 58 years, in which 100 were women and 205 were men. Two types of catheters were cultured, this were hemodialysis and CVC. 71 cultures were positive (23.3%), 65 (91.5%) of them were colonized by bacteria and 6 (8.5%) for fungus. The most prevalent microorganism was Proteus Mirabilis with a frequency of 12 (16.9%). From the positive cultures the frequency of the insertion site was: Jugular 48 (67.6%), Subclavian 19 (26.8%), and Femoral 4 (5.6%). Conclusion: We can determine that the microorganisms that most frequently colonize catheter tip cultures in critical care areas of Teodoro Maldonado Carbo hospital belong to the Gram - group, differing with the results usually found in similar studies performed in different countries.