Análisis socio-económico del sector agrícola. Caso de producción de arroz en la provincia del Guayas

Abstract

The objective of this research work is to describe the socio-economic conditions of the rice sector in the province of Guayas. The theoretical framework is developed in production processes, economic and social factors of the rice agricultural sector, and technical aspects of rice production. The applied method is the deductive one, the scope is descriptive and the approach is quantitative. Information was collected from primary sources (farmers survey) and secondary sources. We worked with a sample of 149 farmers from 3 cantons of Guayas. Statistical information from MAGAP, INEC, FAO, INIAP was consulted. The results were: The agricultural sector ranks fifth in the GDP of Ecuador. In the province of Guayas, the largest rice production is concentrated, with 71.44% of the national total. The province of Guayas has 11.57% of the total agricultural employees nationwide. The production of rice has decreased in the last three years and therefore its productivity. At the cantonal level, Daule appears occupying the first places. The prices of the quintal of rice present a downward trend, and do not adhere to the ceiling and floor price imposed by the MAGAP of $ 35.50 and $ 32.30 respectively. The farmers have a low level of education, mostly primary. The most widely used seed is INIAP 14. From the surveys it is reported that the average wage for Daule, Santa Lucia and Salitre is $ 9.06. The biggest cause of crop loss for 2017 was diseases and pests with 27,302 hectares lost.