Neumonía nosocomial en adultos mayores hospitalizados en el Hospital de Especialidades Teodoro Maldonado Carbo años 2016 - 2018.

Abstract

Introduction: Nosocomial pneumonia is defined as the infection acquired during hospital stay, which had not manifested or was in the incubation period at the time of hospitalization of the patient that usually appears at 48-72 hours. In elderly adults, it represents a higher incidence and mortality in relation to the rest of the population. Aim: Identify the microorganisms involved in nosocomial pneumonia in elderly patients. Methodology: Retrospective cohort study with patients elderly adults diagnosed with nosocomial pneumonia hospitalized at the Teodoro Maldonado Carbo Hospital (HTMC) in 2016-2018 according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Patient information was collected by reviewing medical records found in the hospital's operating system. The variables evaluated were: sociodemographic data, admission diagnosis, comorbidities, use of mechanical ventilation, among others. Results: 355 patients were obtained, the majority of whom were men with 78.80%, the average age was 81 (9) years of which 99.4% had at least one history, among them heart disease was the most prevalent 61.1% The most frequent microorganism found was Kleibsella Pneumoniae in 47.3%. It was evidenced that having more than one comorbidity associated a risk of 2.24 (1.42-3.54), another result was non-invasive mechanical ventilation, 1.72 (1.10-2.74). The history of immunosuppression and its association with hospital stay was analyzed, obtaining a positive correlation (0.35, p <0.000). Finally, mortality in these patients represented 37.46% of the cases. Conclusions: Knowing the microorganisms involved with nosocomial pneumonia would allow prevention strategies to reduce the risk factors related to the occurrence of these infections.