Caries de la infancia temprana : prevención y tratamientos: Revisión sistemática.

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Dental caries is considered a sugar and biofilm dependent disease of multifactorial origin caused by many microorganisms that will affect the hard tissues of the tooth giving rise to cavitation and dental loss, it is related to the lack of oral hygiene and the excessive intake of sugars. Early childhood caries is a bacterial disease that occurs in children under 71 months of age, with a prevalence that can reach up to 90% in highly vulnerable populations. OBJECTIVE: Evaluate early childhood caries, how we can prevent them and what are the treatments. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A systematic review study was presented, with a qualitative approach with a retrospective and cross-sectional type of research, to obtain data, 79 articles were used, the data evaluated were: etiology, diet, prevention, treatments, and oral health. RESULTS: It was analyzed that the main etiological factor of ECC is S. Mutans with a percentage of 83.64%. It was also possible to determine that excessive sugar consumption is the main factor of cavities. It was possible to determine that the habit of daily oral hygiene is the key factor for the prevention of ECC with 38.33% followed by the regular and adequate use of fluoride with 27.50%. According to the authors, the most indicated or ideal treatment for the prevention of ECC is the application of fluoride with 48.53% followed by restorative materials, TRA technique, celluloid crowns, and dental sealants. Parents are involved in brushing their children's teeth, but there is a lack of oral knowledge around 51.28%. CONCLUSIONS: It was possible to conclude that to prevent ECC, the organization of bacterial plaque must be prevented and for this we must promote the habit of daily oral hygiene with the regular and adequate use of fluoride, as well as visits to the dentist and a balanced diet. By following these recommendations, we can prevent ECC.