Análisis de las relaciones sociales entre pares adolescentes, de noveno y décimo año de educación general básica de instituciones educativas fiscales de Riobamba y Guayaquil, en el contexto del confinamiento por pandemia.

Abstract

The present research aims to analyze the social relationships between adolescent peers, ninth and tenth year of basic general education of public educational institutions of Riobamba and Guayaquil, in the context of confinement due to pandemic. The purpose is to make the experiences of adolescents with their prison groups visible in the context of confinement and to provide information that affects the definition of policies in favor of this priority population. The study had a quantitative, cross-sectional, descriptive-level approach, which was carried out by means of a survey applied to 217 adolescents of both sexes, attending the ninth and tenth years. Information was collected through the virtual application of the survey developed by Bukowski, Hoza and Boivin, an instrument that had indicators on the following categories: companionship, help, security, proximity, balance and conflict, and considering the context of the research, it was added the category virtuality. Among the main findings of this study, the most significant manifestations of companionship expressed by adolescents during confinement among them are detailed: sharing time with their friends through conversations, physical spaces were replaced by virtual spaces, mainly through networks social and phone calls daily. Using the SPSS program, it was found that there are significant correlations between the following categories: help and safety, help and proximity or closeness, proximity or closeness and conflict, and balance and conflict. These correlations were understood as follows: adolescents who perceive that their peers help them feel more secure in terms of this friendship relationship. The closer or closer they are, the more frequently they can help each other, which affects the strengthening of their peer relationships. Likewise, proximity or closeness influences greater conflicts, but according to Bukowski, these conflicts contribute to consolidating stronger relationships between peers, which results in a correlation with the balance category.