Factores desencadenantes de cetoacidosis en pacientes con diagnóstico de diabetes atendidos en el Hospital Abel Gilbert Pontón desde enero de 2018 hasta enero de 2021.

Abstract

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is an acute and life-threatening complication of diabetes mellitus. It occurs when the body is unable to use glucose as a source of energy due to a deficiency of insulin, leading to a buildup of fatty acids in the blood and a drop in ph. Symptoms of DKA include excessive thirst, frequent urination, nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain, weakness, and confusion. There may also be a fruity odor on the breath due to the presence of ketones in the breath. DKA is more common in people with type 1 diabetes, but it can also occur in people with type 2 diabetes. Treatment includes fluid and electrolyte management, insulin, and correction of any underlying disorders. Objective: To establish the factors that trigger ketoacidosis in patients with diabetes treated at the Abel Gilbert Ponton Hospital in Guayaquil from January 2018 to January 2021. Methodology: A cross -sectional, observational prevalence study was carried out. , descriptive from 2018–2021 of all patients who were treated at the Dr. Abel Gilbert Pontón Hospital Results: A sample of 300 patients was obtained, of which the prevalence of presenting diabetic ketoacidosis was 33.3%, average age 60 - 70 years, in which the male sex had a predominance of developing diabetic ketoacidosis from the age of 18 while the female sex developed diabetic ketoacidosis from the age of 30; the mean glycemia value for diabetic ketoacidosis was 329; and the main triggering factor was metabolic acidosis with a percentage of 8.7%. Conclusion: The main triggering factors of diabetic ketoacidosis are: diabetic foot, dehydration, septic shock, cerebrovascular event, unspecified seizures, cellulitis and unspecified urinary tract infections, arterial hypertension, community pneumonia, metabolic acidosis, cirrhosis, tumor frontal lobe malignancy, aortic aneurysm, malnutrition, acute respiratory failure, unspecified gastrointestinal bleeding, dorsal region abscess, COVID, ischemic heart disease, soft tissue infection, and hyperglycemia.