Puentes miocárdicos : hallazgo en pacientes con angina inestable atendidos en el Hospital Alcívar durante el período 2021 - 2023.

Abstract

Myocardial bridges are congenital irregularities that consist of segments of the coronary arteries embed within the heart muscle. In this condition, the heart's muscle fibers envelop the artery, positioning it in an endocardial location, which can induce transient ischemia during each cardiac systole. When this anomaly becomes symptomatic, it can manifest through various symptoms such as arrhythmias, palpitations, unstable angina, and in severe cases, it can lead to sudden death. In this study, patients treated at the Alcivar Hospital with unstable chest angina were investigated to determine the prevalence of myocardial bridges in patients with this symptomatology, in addition to establishing associated factors, gender, age, and the most affected artery when the finding occurs. Descriptive analyses were performed, which include means with 95% confidence intervals and relational analyses between qualitative variables through contingency tables and chisquared tests, and T-tests for numerical variables. The significance level was set at p < 0.05. The prevalence of myocardial bridges was 14.78%. The most affected coronary artery was the anterior descending artery in the middle third. The most frequent comorbidities were hypertension and diabetes mellitus, present in 59.59% of the patients. The average age of the patients was 60.12±9.96 years, and the most prevalent age group was 60-70 years. There was a slightly higher prevalence in women (51.51%), however, there was no statistically significant relationship between the pathology and gender. Thus, this study determined that the myocardial bridge is a risk factor since the patients who required medical attention for unstable chest angina and presented this malformation were younger and with fewer associated factors than those without it; however, more studies are necessary to elucidate the relationship between both pathologies.