Diseño de una red inalámbrica metropolitana para monitoreo y control de líneas de distribución de energía eléctrica de la corporación nacional de electricidad Unidad de Negocio Guayaquil.

Abstract

The present thesis develops the design of a metropolitan wireless network based on advanced communication technologies such as LoRaWAN and the Internet of Things (IoT) to improve the monitoring and control of reclosers in the medium-voltage lines of Guayaquil's electrical distribution network. This project addresses key issues in the current electrical system, such as high operating costs, limited connectivity, and insufficient automation in critical processes. The proposed network aims to ensure the system's reliability, efficiency, and responsiveness to failures, aligning with the transition to smart electrical grids. Based on an exhaustive analysis of the available wireless technologies and the characterization of SCADA systems, an LPWAN solution using LoRaWAN technology was selected for its benefits, including wide coverage, low energy consumption, and scalability. Detailed simulations and calculations, such as Fresnel zone analysis and radio link design, were included to validate the technical feasibility of the proposal. The design integrates hardware and software tailored to the needs of the National Electricity Corporation (CNEL), reducing costs by avoiding reliance on external providers and improving network stability. Additionally, phased implementation strategies were proposed, prioritizing critical areas and ensuring efficient deployment. This approach significantly contributes to modernizing the electrical system by providing scalable infrastructure adaptable to future technological advances. The network not only optimizes current operations but also enhances interaction with end-users and the remote supervision capacity of equipment, ensuring reliable and efficient service.