Situación laboral de las mujeres trabajadoras remuneradas del hogar. Estudio con mujeres de la Asociación ATRH en Guayaquil.

Abstract

This research analyzes how paid domestic services affect the quality of life of Paid Household Workers (PHW) associated with a union in Guayaquil, Ecuador. It is conducted using a qualitative approach and supported by the hermeneutic method, with semi-structured interviews conducted with eight women working in the domestic service sector to gather information about their work experiences, socioeconomic conditions, and overall well-being in a multidimensional manner. The case highlights the precarious situation of PHWs, including low wages, subsistence levels, lack of social security affiliation, and labor rights violations such as unpaid overtime and unfair dismissals. These conditions have worsened due to the pandemic, further reducing income and stability. The theoretical framework combines ecosystemic theory, emphasizing micro (family), exo (work), and macro (public policy) systems. The results revealed physical risks (musculoskeletal discomfort due to heavy lifting and forced postures), emotional risks (stress, discrimination, and abuse), and socioeconomic risks (verbal contracts and low wages). The conclusions emphasize the need for public policies to formalize the sector and ensure labor rights (written contracts, social security, and fair wages), along with awareness campaigns for workers. Additionally, it is recommended that the association provide training for women on labor relations, preventive health care, and social-legal support networks. The study demonstrates that improving working conditions would not only benefit PHWs but also their families, contributing to reducing the gender gap and structural inequalities in Ecuador.