Estudio del envejecimiento térmico de los componentes dieléctricos en los transformadores.

Abstract

This thesis addresses the technical study of thermal aging of transformer dielectric components, a phenomenon that directly affects the lifespan and reliability of these critical devices in electrical systems. The analysis focuses particularly on dielectric materials such as insulating oil and kraft paper, which undergo degradation under prolonged thermal conditions. A review of the main thermal degradation mechanisms is presented, including the formation of moisture, acids, and furans, which serve as indicators of aging. Thermal models and diagnostic tools such as dissolved gas analysis (DGA) and furan measurement are also used to assess the condition of the insulators. The study includes thermal simulations, as well as case studies or laboratory tests (if applicable), with the aim of establishing a correlation between operating temperature, aging acceleration, and the transformer's remaining lifespan. Finally, recommendations are proposed for predictive maintenance and efficient lifecycle management of transformers through thermal monitoring and periodic evaluation of dielectric materials.