Incidencia de las políticas públicas en las exportaciones del sector cacaotero en el Ecuador.

Abstract

This study analyzes the impact of public policies on cocoa exports in Ecuador from 2002 to 2024. Cocoa is considered one of Ecuador's main non-oil products and has been a source of employment, foreign exchange earnings, and a driver of the agricultural sector. The research employed a quantitative approach, with a non-experimental, correlational-explanatory design. Secondary data were obtained from official sources such as the Central Bank of Ecuador, the Ministry of Agriculture, and specialized organizations in the sector. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and a semi-logarithmic econometric model were also included. The study variables were cocoa export volume, international price, global GDP, and policy dummy variables. The results indicate that the policies implemented by the Ecuadorian government have had a significant impact on the increase in cocoa exports, although their effect is intertwined with external factors such as international price and global demand. Furthermore, the creation of projects such as the Reactivation of Fine Aroma National Coffee and Cacao and the Cacao Competitiveness Improvement Plan have contributed to the sector's growth. Finally, the study proposes public policies focused on strengthening institutions, improving financial access for small producers, promoting value-added industrialization, and ensuring compliance with international sustainability standards, thereby seeking to improve the competitiveness of Ecuadorian cacao.