Diseño eléctrico de un sistema de respaldo para mantener la continuidad en el servicio de las garitas de acceso del campus de la Universidad Católica Santiago de Guayaquil.

Abstract

The design and sizing of the proposed hybrid photovoltaic system for the vehicle control booths at the Catholic University of Santiago de Guayaquil constitutes a viable technical alternative to guarantee the continuity of electrical service in the event of public grid interruptions. The proposed system consists of 550 W monocrystalline photovoltaic modules, a 2.5 kW hybrid inverter, an MPPT charge controller, and a 24 V battery bank. These components work together to allow the system to maintain an approximate energy autonomy of 24 hours. For system sizing, an analysis of the electrical consumption of the vehicle barrier and the complementary equipment that comprise the access system was conducted. This study allowed for the estimation of the appropriate energy generation and storage capacity. This aims to ensure continuous operation, covering approximately 800 daily operating cycles, in addition to the consumption of the associated control and communication systems. Important technical aspects were also considered, such as the stability of the electrical supply, the handling of equipment startup peaks, and compliance with parameters related to system protection and voltage drop. The technical and economic analysis of the project estimates an approximate investment of $5,106.00 per access control booth. Its implementation offers several advantages, including reduced operational risks, greater reliability of energy supply, and less dependence on the public electrical grid. Furthermore, the use of solar energy promotes environmental sustainability by reducing the consumption of fossil fuels and, consequently, greenhouse gas emissions.