Análisis multicriterio para determinar la ubicación óptima de un Centro de Operaciones de Emergencia Provincial (COE-P) en Guayas usando Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG).

Abstract

The increase in extreme weather events linked to climate change has highlighted the importance of strengthening risk and emergency management systems. In this context, Provincial Emergency Operations Centres (COE-P) play a crucial role in coordinating between institutions and in decision-making during crises. The aim of the research was to determine the optimal location for a COE-P in Guayas using GIS tools and a multi-criteria analysis model. To this end, the AHP method was employed, through which seven technical criteria were selected and weighted for the analysis. A total of 20 vector-type geospatial layers were obtained from official websites and geoportals of public institutions; these were processed using QGIS software, and the vector layers were rasterised and standardised to a spatial resolution of 30×30 metres. Subsequently, the criteria were reclassified and a weighted sum was used to create a territorial suitability map. The most suitable locations are distributed across areas in the cantons of Guayaquil and Naranjito. However, the comparative analysis revealed that Option 1 offers the best conditions in terms of good road connectivity, proximity to critical infrastructure and low exposure to natural hazards. It was therefore concluded that the multi-criteria model implemented is an effective tool for supporting spatial planning procedures focused on the siting of critical infrastructure for managing emergency situations.