El uso de sustancias tóxicas en adolescentes de un CETAD en la ciudad de Guayaquil en la época de la declinación del Nombre del Padre.

Abstract

The objective of this research was to understand how the decline of the Name of the Father influences the role that substance abuse takes on among adolescents at a CETAD in northern Guayaquil, using a clinically oriented qualitative approach, in order to contribute to the subjectivation of adolescent distress and guide interventions tailored to their uniqueness, through a literature review and the analysis of a focus group conducted using a set of guided questions. To this end, it was necessary to analyze the decline of the Name of the Father from a psychoanalytic perspective; a review was conducted of childhood processes and characterizations of adolescence from this same perspective, and based on this, the different manifestations in substance-abusing subjects were identified. A qualitative approach and an interpretive paradigm focused on the uniqueness of the participants were used. The results indicated that the father figure was present in reality but struggled to maintain his role as a symbolic model of authority, manifesting himself through punishment, exposure to violence, or serving as a model of consumerism. This did not imply the disappearance of the paternal function, but rather the loss of a clear reference point that would allow adolescents to form identifications and develop their own desires; the use and function of drugs became a unique way of responding to subjective distress, to which each adolescent assigned a place in their life, allowing them to numb the pain and momentarily fill the void left by a sense of lack in their being