Análisis del sufrimiento psíquico frente a lo real del cuerpo en pacientes sometidos a hemodiálisis desde el psicoanálisis lacaniano.

Abstract

The present study aimed to analyze psychic suffering in relation to the Real of the body in patients undergoing hemodialysis from the perspective of Lacanian psychoanalysis. It was conducted using a qualitative approach and an interpretive paradigm, through a critical and integrative narrative literature review with a descriptive and interpretive scope. The literature search was conducted between November 2025 and July 2026 using SciELO, Dialnet, Google Scholar, and specialized publications, resulting in a final corpus of 68 sources, whose information was organized using bibliographic and documentary analysis records. The analysis was structured around three categories: psychic suffering in the context of Chronic Kidney Disease and hemodialysis, the Real of the body from a Lacanian psychoanalytic perspective, and the subjective implications of hemodialysis treatment. The analysis of the sources identified manifestations such as anxiety, depression, loss of autonomy, experiences of mourning, and changes in body image; however, from a Lacanian perspective, these were not understood as universal responses, but rather in relation to the subject’s singular position toward the transformations introduced by the illness and its treatment. It was concluded that psychic suffering associated with hemodialysis cannot be explained exclusively through organic or symptomatic dimensions but requires attention to the singular way in which each subject relates to their body, illness, and treatment. The main limitations identified were restricted access to certain publications and the scarcity of literature articulating hemodialysis and Lacanian psychoanalysis.